by Academician Lev ZELYONY, Director of the RAS Institute for Space Research, Olga ZAKUTNYAYA, Cand. Sc. (Phil.), chief specialist of the Press Service of the same institute The Institute for Space Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences is situated not far from the Academician Keldysh Square in the south-west of Moscow: thus, in the capital's toponymy the name of the famous scientist is related to up-to-date potentialities of man in cognition of mysteries of the Universe. It is as it should be, as it was Keldysh who laid theoretical fundamentals of extraterrestrial flights and determined strategic missions for space studies. Undoubtedly, it is impossible in a small journal article to describe in detail or even specify all achievements, which belong to this outstanding scientist. We shall cite only some statistics, which helps us estimate the scope of the USSR space program, namely, we shall specify a list of automatic space vehicles launched in a period from 1957 to 1978. стр. 43 The lunar program* (Luna-1–Luna-24 and Zond-3, Zond-5–Zond-8); Martian studies** (Mars-l–Mars-7, Zond-2-Zond-3); and Venus exploration (Venus-1– Venus-10). The Kosmos satellite series for studies of different phenomena on near-earth orbits. The studies of near-earth space and radiation belts (Elektron-1-Elektron-4), cosmic rays (Proton-1–Proton-4), the Sun, solar-terrestrial relationship and the earth magnetos-phere (Prognoz-1–Prognoz-6). The Intercosmos-1– Intercosmos-17 joint testing programs with specialists of member countries of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Comecon). We shall also mention the manned flights and biomedical studies started in 1961 and carried out on the Earth and orbital stations***. These works were and still are "a visiting card" of national cosmonautics, while the experience accumulated during decades is required now in the course of creation and operation of the International Space Station. The above-menti ... Читать далее