The paper considers and interprets the materials of the excavations of the Plamya Sibiri-6 ancient settlement in Western Siberia. Based on their study, it is concluded that in the first third of the second millennium AD, a sanctuary appeared on this ancient settlement, which functioned in the VI-VII centuries.

Keywords: Western Siberia, ancient settlement Flame of Siberia-6, sanctuary "Flame of Siberia", Middle Ages.

Introduction

Plamya Sibiri-6 ancient settlement is located 30 km east of Tyumen, on a high (2.5 - 3.0 m) steep promontory terrace on the southern shore of Lake Baikal. The Antonov Monument is a fortified area (a shaft with a height of 3.0-4.5 m, a width of 2-5 m, a ditch with a depth of 1-2 m, a width of 2-4 m), on which 22 housing depressions are fixed. The area is 4,032 m2. On the south-eastern side there are nine more depressions (a village), and on the eastern side there is a mane-shaped drop-shaped remnant delineated by a moat (Fig. 1). The monument was discovered in 2005 by V. V. Korniets [2006, pp. 62-65].

In 2011, a 120 m2 excavation site was laid on the eastern site of the settlement. As a result, two dwellings and the associated part of the defensive structure adjacent to the inner side of the rampart were fully investigated. Sub-square, semi-earth-type dwellings with an area of 25-30 m2, with a hearth in the center, are connected by small passages, the walls outside are covered with sandy loam (mainland and/or hearth).

The collection from the excavations includes more than 9,500 finds, of which 223 are individual objects. The bronze ring, ring and tubular piercing, and earrings made of bronze and silver (?) are distinguished as dating items (Fig. 2), which, together with the features of the ceramic complex, allow the monument to be attributed to the VI-VII centuries.

Among the individual items from the excavation materials are not related to the time of operation of the settlement, they date back to the first third of the II millennium AD. It should be noted that back in 2009, when examining the monument on its entire area, more than 50 pits were recorded, which are traces of the use of a metal detector, and their number is increasing up to the present time. During 2009 - 2012, an inspection of emissions from robber pits was carried out, as a result of which objects were found that also belong to the first third of the II millennium AD. Looking ahead, I note that the entire surface of the settlement is saturated with small (0.2 - 5.6 cm) copper plates (most likely from boilers), which make it difficult for robbers to find more valuable items made of non-ferrous metal, thanks to which several such products were discovered and presented in this paper.

Description of finds

Boiler (bottom diameter 40 cm, height 25 cm) made of sheet copper (Fig. 3), three-part assembly with a fold and in a "prong", the corolla is bent and bent, the ears with double raskovka ends. Inside there are numerous copper " patches "( traces of repair). According to the classification of K. A. Rudenko, the product belongs to the M-4 type of Bulgarian boilers, widely distributed in the Urals

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1. Plan of the Plamya Sibiri-6 ancient settlement. a-predatory pit with a copper plate; b-excavation of 2011; c - pits of anthropogenic origin. 1-copper cauldron; 2-copper eyeglass; 3-bronze anthropomorphic figurine; 4-rectangular belt plate; 5, 6-bronze spheroconic belt plates; 7-iron tip; 8-bronze casting in the form of a horse (?); 9 - 11-anthropomorphic clay figures; 12-astragalus; 13 - bronze bell pendant.

2. Ornaments from the Plamya Sibiri ancient settlement-6. 1,5-earrings; 2-ring; 3-ring; 4-tubular piercing. 1-4-bronze; 5-silver (?).

3. Copper boiler.

and the Trans-Urals. They "date back to the XII - beginning of the XIII, mainly to the XII century. They were left behind during the XIV century" [Rudenko, 2000, p. 32]. The appearance of copper cauldrons in the Trans-Urals is associated with the Prikamsky or Vychegodsky territories [Mogilnikov, 1987, p.214]. The cauldron was discovered in 2009 in an ejection from a predatory pit located at the site of the ancient entrance to the ancient settlement. During 2009-2012. in such emissions, more than 50 small copper plates are collected, which are most likely fragments of boilers, as well as the eye of the boiler. During the excavations, another 16 specimens were found. and the ear.

The eyeglass (Fig. 4) is cut from a thin rectangular copper plate. On the longitudinal sides-

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Fig. 4. Copper eyeglass.

the base is decorated with point indentations, at the ends and in the middle through holes for mounting. Similar decorations were common in Western Siberia throughout the Middle Ages. The earliest ones were found in the Saigatinsky III burial ground (VIII-IX centuries) [Karacharov, 1993, pp. 114-115, Fig. 2,23], by the XIII - XIV centuries. ochilya were assigned from the Ust-Balyk burial ground (Semenova, 2001, p. 80, Fig. 18). I propose to date this specimen, as well as the entire set of objects under consideration, to the first third of the II millennium AD. The Ochelye was discovered in 2012 in an ejection from a robber's pit.

The bronze figurine depicts a full-face standing person (Fig. 5). The lower part (below the waist) is not worked out, it is rectangular. At the level of the abdomen, a rounded bulge is indicated, which is outlined by the arms connected in one plane with the shoulders and sternum. The hands are three-toed, separated by a groove. The head is contoured with grooved "braids" (?). The face is oval, the nose line passes into the frontal part and eyebrows. The eyes and mouth are almond-shaped, with rounded depressions. The reverse side of the figure is rounded-concave at the level of the back (corresponding to the bulge on the front side) and flat in the rest, with a triangular loop for fastening. Such anthropomorphic sculptural images are widely represented in a number of medieval cultures of Western Siberia-Relkinskaya, Potchevashskaya and Ust-Ishim, on monuments of the Kuchiminsky and Kintusovsky types [Mogilnikov, 1987, Tables LXXVIII, 60; LXXXII, 1-5; XCVII, 1-21; Karacharov, 1993, Figures 3, 21, 22]. Their appearance dates back to the VIII-IX centuries, and the greatest distribution occurs in the IX-XI centuries, to which I am inclined to refer this copy. The figurine was found in 2012 in an ejection from a robber pit.

6) of a rectangular shape with a triangular recess at the end is represented by a fragment. Along the contour of the longitudinal sides are a number of small rounded bumps, in the center of the plant decor. The reverse side is flat, untreated, with a peg. The cover plate refers to a belt headset of the Turkic type, which became widespread in Western Siberia in the IX-XI centuries. [Mogilnikov, 1987, Tables LXXXI, 14, 15; XCI, 44]. It was discovered in 2012 in an ejection from a robber pit.

7, 1) of an oval-sub-triangular shape with a ten-beam de-

5. Bronze anthropomorphic figurine.

Fig. b. Bronze waist plate.

Fig. 7. Bronze spheroconic belt pads.

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yur and a ledge in the center. On the reverse side there is a loop-crossbar. Such overlays are traditional "taiga" decorations of a belt headset. They have been widely distributed since the end of the XI-XII centuries in the southern taiga crop circle in the Trans-Ural forest region [Mogilnikov, 2002, Figs. 17, 1-4; Viktorova, 1973, Tables XIV, 13, 14] and in the Pritobol region [Mogilnikov, 1987, Tables LXXI, 34, 38, 39,42] and the Irtysh region (Chernetsov, 1957, Tables XXXIII, 5,7-9,11; XXXVII, 5; Konikov, 1983, Figures 4,17, 20, 23). The pad was found in 2009 on a path running along the coast along the northern edge of the monument. During the excavations, a fragment of a similar decoration was found (Fig. 7, 2).

The arrowhead (Fig. 8) is iron, flat, the triangular feather ends on one side with a spike bent to the petiole, the other is flattened. Petiole is flat, sub-rectangular in shape. Arrowheads with spikes are considered a local "forest" shape for Western Siberia. They existed from the middle of the 1st millennium AD to the 17th century. [Solov'ev, 1987, pp. 33-34]. I propose to attribute this specimen, like the entire set of objects under consideration, to the first third of the second millennium AD. The tip was discovered in 2012 in an ejection from a robber's pit.

The following items come from the excavation materials.

Horse figurine (?) the bronze one (Fig. 9) shows an animal in profile without a head. It stands on a base, the end of which is fused with the tail by a massive gate. The reverse side is flat, but the figure is cast in a two-sided shape, which is indicated by the gate and unmade bays. Most likely, this figure is of a cult-ritual nature, in which the casting process itself was important, not the result (high-quality image). Similar images, but more schematic, are known in the Surgut Ob region, where they date from the XIV-XV centuries [Zykov et al., 1994, pp. 98, 143, N 156, 157]. The realism of this figure, in comparison with the Surgut analogues, indicates an earlier time of its manufacture - the first third of the II millennium AD.

The bell-shaped pendant (Fig. 10) is made of bronze. In the upper part there is a round loop, in the middle - six rollers, in the lower-a slit-like slot. The product is a pendant of noisy pendants, common in the Urals in the Rodanov, Vym and Chepetsk cultures in the XI-XII centuries. [Goldina and Yutina, 1987, fig. 2,116; Savelyeva, 1987, fig. 30, 26; Ivanova, 1987, fig. 7, 47]. Once in the Trans-Urals, they evoked local replicas and imitations.

Clay figurines (3 copies) represent a sitting anthropomorphic creature. The first one (Fig. 11, 7) has a protrusion on its head and a headdress (?) in the form of four protrusions. The face is marked with three pits in place of the eyes and mouth. The neck is not highlighted, the head is not visible-

Figure 8. Iron arrowhead.

Figure 9. Bronze horse figurine (?).

Fig. 10. Bronze bell pendant.

11. Clay anthropomorphic figurines.

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it extends into the shoulders and arms (the right one is lost), shown as a curved semicircle and closing in on the waist area. From the waistline, the lower part of the figure protrudes forward with a wide hem (the front and left parts are lost). On the torso, a bulge indicates the chest (?) (the left one is lost), which is additionally emphasized by an ornament in the form of a spiral ending in two indentations in the center. The front side of the figure is covered with a geometric and meander pattern made with a thin stick; the reverse side is smooth, unornamented. The second figure (Fig. 11,2) is represented by the middle curved part, which is a transition from the torso to the protruding hem. The front side is decorated with a stamp in the form of a short "snake": two columns and diagonal lines from his prints. On the reverse side, four vertical rollers with prints of a smooth stick angle (braids?) are made with pinches. The third figure (Fig. 11, 3) is also represented by the middle curved part. The front side is decorated in a receding technique with a stamp in the form of a notch, the reverse is smooth. Similar figurines are known in the Kama Region, the Middle Urals, the Middle Ob Region, and the Middle Volga Region (Fedorova, 1979, pp. 149-151). West Siberian finds date back to the XI-XII centuries [Viktorova, 2008, p. 35].

The astragalus (Fig. 12) is the calcaneus of the beaver, in which a hole is drilled. According to S. G. Parkhimovich, the hole was used for hanging on a thread, and the product itself acted both as an amulet and as a trademark [1998, p.107]. The geography of distribution of astragalus is extensive: from the Ladoga region and White Lake to the Yaroslavl Volga region and the Upper Kama region. These are the usual finds in the materials of monuments of the X-XIV centuries in the designated territories. There are 66 copies in Western Siberia. It was found at the Peregrebnoye settlement of the first (XII-XIII centuries), one bronze astragalus with a hole was found at the Saigatinsky III burial ground (beginning of the II millennium AD) and Potchevash settlement (S. G. Parkhimovich dates it to the X-X centuries) [Ibid.].

12. Astragalus.

Conclusions

Based on the analysis of the stratigraphic and planigraphic distribution of finds dating back to the first third of the second millennium AD, the following conclusions can be drawn from the excavation materials. All small copper plates were found in the vegetation cover and the underlying sod-humus layer. The remaining items of the first third of the second millennium AD from the excavation materials were found in layers of the VI-VII centuries at a depth of up to 0.15 m from the level of the daytime surface. Predatory pits, with the exception of one at the site of the ancient entrance/exit from the settlement (a copper cauldron was found nearby), have a depth of up to 0.2 m on average.Topographic analysis of the distribution of finds shows that the main place of their concentration is the coastal part of the settlement, especially in the north - eastern part. At the same time, the cultural layer of the monument also increases in thickness towards the coastal part (from 0.6 to 1.2 m). In addition, the highest concentration of paleoosteological finds was recorded here (a large number of horse bones are visually distinguished) and a bronze horse figurine (?) was found.

In West Siberian archeology, there are cases when abandoned settlements became special, revered places. Thus, two sanctuaries, two cult complexes, and four treasures from earlier ancient settlements have been identified on Barsova Mountain in the Surgut Ob region (Chemyakin and Zykov, 2004, pp. 159-162). In my opinion, a similar phenomenon is recorded on the monument under consideration.

As a result of excavations, it was established that the ancient settlement Flame of Siberia-6 functioned in the VI-VII centuries. and left because of a fire. However, the cultural line of its inhabitants has not been interrupted, 0.2 km to the west is the ancient settlement Flame of Siberia-7 VII-IX centuries, where the continuation of their traditions can be traced. In the second half of the 9th century, the Yudinsky archaeological culture (X-XH centuries) was formed on the basis of this cultural massif. A relatively small chronological gap suggests that its carriers still remembered the habitats of their ancestors and revered them. Therefore, from the beginning of the second millennium AD on the ancient settlement Flame of Siberia-6 left "butts" and, perhaps, performed cult and ritual actions. All of the above leads to the conclusion that in the first third of the second millennium AD, a sanctuary appeared here.

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The article was submitted to the editorial Board on 04.06.12, in the final version-on 05.11.12.

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