MOSCOW INSTITUTE OF ORIENTAL STUDIES OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

On April 11, 2011, a scientific conference dedicated to one of the most relevant topics of modern Iranian history, "Sanctions and their impact on the situation in Iran", was held. Presentations were made by scientists from various scientific, educational and practical organizations in Moscow. Most of the presentations were presented by the staff of the Institute of Information Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences: E. V. Dunaeva, N. M. Mamedova, T. A. Karaseva, L. M. Kulagina, D. B. Pisarevskaya, A. I. Polishchuk, V. I. Sazhin, G. I. Starchenkov, I. E. Fedorova, E. Yu. S. B. Druzhilovsky, V. A. Laptev and I. A. Svistunova represented Moscow State University(U)The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, N. A. Filin - RSUH, and V. Danilov acted as an independent expert.

Mohsen Heidarnia, Head of the Iranian Studies Foundation, addressed the audience with a welcoming speech. The reports were grouped into three sections: economic, which considered the economic consequences of the introduction of sanctions (N. M. Mammadova, G. I. Starchenkov), and foreign policy, which paid special attention to the international aspects of the sanctions regime (T. A. Karasova, L. M. Kulagina, D. B. Pisarevskaya, A. I. Polishchuk, V. I. Sazhin, I. V. Shishkin). E. Fedorova, E. U. Usova, V. Danilov) and domestic political analysis of the impact of sanctions on the internal situation in Iran (S. B. Druzhilovsky, E. V. Dunaeva, N. A. Filin).

The conference was opened by N. M. Mammadova, Head of the Iran Sector at the Center for Middle Eastern Studies of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences. In her report "Strengthening the sanctions regime and its results", she elaborated on the history of the use of sanctions against Iran, starting in 1951, noting that after the Islamic revolution of 1978-1979, the sanctions regime was applied especially widely in Iran. Moreover, if at first it was based on political reasons, then later the international community focused on the Iranian nuclear program, and the sanctions became international in nature. N. M. Mammadova stressed that as a result of sanctions, the dynamics of Iran's economic development slowed down, the volume of foreign investment decreased, but GDP did not fall to a negative level, since the geopolitical and economic potential of the country limited the effectiveness of the application of sanctions. The report concluded that due to the exhaustion of many factors of economic growth, further tightening of sanctions may achieve its goal.

Complementing the report of N. M. Mammadova, G. I. Starchenkov gave some details of the impact of sanctions on the Iranian energy complex.

Most of the participants of the conference touched upon the international aspects of the sanctions regime in Iran.

A. I. Polishchuk presented an overview of the UN Security Council resolutions on Iran adopted from 2006 to 2010, namely resolutions No. 1696, No. 1737, No. 1747, No. 1803, No. 1835, and No. 1929.

Vladimir Laptev highlighted the international legal aspects of the application of sanctions. He carefully analyzed the extensive system of norms, principles, institutions and measures aimed at ensuring the international legal order presented in the UN Charter. He stressed that the basis for the adoption of sanctions imposed against Iran by individual countries and groups of countries is not the norms of international law, but national legislation, so they do not have sufficient legal grounds, unlike the compulsory sanctions approved by the UN Security Council.

L. M. Kulagina analyzed the impact of sanctions imposed by the international community on Iran's foreign policy. She noted that under the influence of sanctions, the Iranian government revised the main directions of its foreign policy and adopted a new foreign policy doctrine - "looking to the East". It focused on cooperation with neighboring countries.

Iran countries: Azerbaijan, Armenia, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, as well as strengthening ties with African countries: South Africa, Ethiopia, Zambia, Zimbabwe. The development of relations with Latin American countries is also on the agenda in Iran: Venezuela, Uruguay and Chile. Kulagina stressed that the sanctions regime, along with the aggravation of the situation in the Middle East, has set new challenges for the Iranian foreign policy and, to a certain extent, opened up new opportunities.

Developing the provisions of the report of L. M. Kulagina, I. A. Svistunova analyzed the relations of the Islamic Republic of Iran with Turkey. The last eight years, she noted, have been characterized by unprecedented flourishing of Iranian-Turkish economic and political ties. The reasons for this convergence, in her opinion, lie not only in economic feasibility, but also represent a more complex phenomenon.

I. E. Fedorova's report was devoted to the goals of US policy in Iran and sanctions as a method of implementing the tasks set. It was emphasized that over the past 30 years, the United States has sought regime change in Iran due to the anti-American orientation of its foreign policy. The White House is currently considering all methods to achieve this goal, from diplomatic negotiations to a military strike on Iran. The speaker considers the introduction of economic, financial, and political sanctions against Iranian banks, companies, and individuals to be the best option. The reason for the introduction of sanctions were terrorist activities, human rights violations, and Iran's nuclear program. Irina Fedorova concluded that since the sanctions are supported by both representatives of the Republican and Democratic parties, their further tightening will continue regardless of the results of the upcoming presidential elections.

Sazhin's report focused on various aspects of Iran's nuclear program, which has been the main reason for the introduction of sanctions in recent years. He stressed that the IAEA is concerned about the possible existence of secret activities in Iran related to the development of a nuclear warhead for missiles. According to the speaker, there are two ways to solve the Iranian nuclear problem. The first is to recognize Iran's status as a nuclear power, which will open the legal path for Iran to develop nuclear weapons with all the consequences for regional and global security that this entails; the second is to force Iran to stop creating an industrial infrastructure for uranium enrichment. According to V. I. Sazhin, only the second option can be effective, which requires a permanent tightening of financial and economic sanctions. In his opinion, the implementation of Iran's nuclear program may lead to a military-military solution to the problem on the part of the United States and Israel. Therefore, tough sanctions can" bring to reason " the Iranian authorities and not bring the situation to a military catastrophe.

Problems related to the impact of sanctions on Russian-Iranian cooperation in the field of high technologies are reflected in the report of V. Danilov. He noted that cooperation between the Russian Federation and the Islamic Republic of Iran is currently going through a difficult period. This, in his opinion, is influenced by a wide range of both domestic and Iranian problems. He stressed that, despite the sanctions, the top management of large Russian companies, dependent on the positions of their foreign partners at the corporate and personal levels, will not actively cooperate in the Iranian direction.

The attitude of Israel to sanctions against Iran was analyzed by E. U. Usova and T. A. Karasova. They noted that Israel currently considers Iran as its main strategic adversary in the region, as well as as the main threat to regional security in general. From Israel's point of view, the "Iranian threat" includes a number of main components: developing a nuclear program, supporting terrorist organizations, denying Israel's right to exist, denying the Holocaust, and violating human rights. Without maintaining any relations with Iran, Israel cannot exert direct pressure on it and directly participate in sanctions, so it is trying to build a complex multi-vector and multi-level strategy of deterrence and pressure, using indirect levers of influence. According to the speakers, economic sanctions are assessed by Israel as an important tool of pressure, which should eventually force the Iranian regime to reconsider its nuclear policy, despite the fact that the current form of sanctions does not yet ensure the achievement of this goal.

as a pressure tool or for preemptive strikes.

D. B. Pisarevskaya gave interesting facts about the attitude of Israeli youth to sanctions against Iran in blogs. She concluded that among Russian-speaking users of blogs and social networks living in Israel, there are more adherents of" right-wing "views, but" left-wing " points of view are also represented.

E. V. Dunayeva noted that the international community's development of a package of sanctions against Iran took place in the context of increasing confrontation between forces in the domestic political arena. Opposition leaders both abroad and in Iran have opposed the tightening of sanctions, as they believe that this will worsen the situation of the masses, and most importantly - strengthen the position of the government and serve as a reason for increasing pressure on the opposition. According to E. V. Dunayeva, the sanctions have aggravated the internal political situation, intensified the processes of polarization of society and radicalization of the protest movement, on the one hand, and radicalization of the authorities, on the other.

The reports of the assembled scientists and the exchange of views will serve as a good basis for a future collection of articles on one of the most relevant topics in the modern history of Iran.

I. E. FEDOROVA

INSTITUTE OF ASIAN AND AFRICAN STUDIES, MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY

On January 22-23, 2011, the seventh All-Russian Olympiad in the Persian Language and the sixth Olympiad in Persian Literature were held. The organization of such competitions has become traditional, and this year they were held under the auspices of the Cultural Representation at the Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Russian Federation and the Department of Iranian Philology of the ISAA. The Olympiad was attended by students of higher educational institutions in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kazan, Krasnodar, Astrakhan and Ufa - a total of 34 people who demonstrated their knowledge in six areas in the field of the Persian language, namely listening, translation, composition, reading text, oral speech, stylistics and grammar, as well as in Persian literature, where competition was held in areas such as reading poetry, literary texts, and literary theory.

The meeting dedicated to the start of the Olympiad was opened by ISAA Director M. S. Meyer, who noted the importance of this kind of competition for the training of qualified Iranian specialists and welcomed its participants, wishing them success. Abuzar Ebrahimi Torkaman, head of the Cultural Representation at the Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Russian Federation, read out a welcome message from the Minister of Culture and Islamic Orientation Seyid Mohammad Hosseini. The head of the Foundation for Iranian Studies in Moscow, Mohsen Heidarniya, noted the importance of holding Olympiads in Persian language and literature and preserving the tradition of their holding in the future. A minute of silence was observed in memory of the deceased outstanding Iranists of our time, representatives of the St. Petersburg school, M. I. Bogolyubov and O. F. Akimushkin. A documentary film dedicated to the memory of M. I. Bogolyubov was shown, which was shot by the head of the Department of Iranian Philology V. B. Ivanov during their last meeting at M. I. Bogolyubov's dacha near St. Petersburg.

The Olympiad jury was made up of qualified teachers of Persian language and literature, mainly representatives of leading Moscow universities, as well as Iranian colleagues-undergraduates and postgraduates, future specialists in Russian language and literature.

The competitions showed the level of knowledge of participants in various fields of Persian language and literature, the results of which were announced at the closing ceremony of the Olympiad. Chairman of the Russian-Iranian Friendship Society A. I. Polishchuk thanked the Institute of Asian and African Countries headed by M. S. Meyer, the Department of Iranian Philology headed by V. B. Ivanov, and the Cultural Representation at the Iranian Embassy in Moscow headed by Abuzar Ebrahimi Torkaman. He noted the importance of holding Olympiads to test students ' knowledge and the relevance of this knowledge to the current state of development of the Persian language and literature. Iranian Ambassador to Russia Sajjadi stressed the importance of achievements in the field of Persian language and literature in the common treasury of world civilizations. He drew attention to the need to deepen cultural relations between Russia and Iran, mutual knowledge of each other. And, in the opinion of

Sajjadi, the Olympics are one of the tools for strengthening the friendship of the two countries and better understanding of their peoples. ISAA Director L. V. Geveling assessed the Olympiad as an important scientific, practical and pedagogical event. He stressed that the Olympics were as successful as the previous six, and expressed hope for their continuation in the future.

The ceremony of awarding certificates of participants of the Olympiad and prizes was started with the presentation of special certificates to the members of the jury. It was further announced that for the first time in the history of the Olympiad, the contribution of two well-known scientists to the development of modern Iranian studies was recognized and appreciated. Diplomas and prizes were awarded to Professors G. O. Voskanyan and J. H. Dorry, who in response thanked for the recognition of their scientific and pedagogical activities, and noted the great importance of the Olympiads for the dissemination of the Persian language and literature, which contribute to the expansion and strengthening of friendship between the peoples of Russia and Iran. The award to them. Ferdowsi was awarded the book "Middle Iranian and New Iranian Languages" from the series "Fundamentals of Iranian Linguistics". It was presented to the representative of the team of authors, Head of the Iranian Languages Sector of the Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Philology E. K. Molchanova, who in her response introduced the audience to the award-winning work in more detail, noting that the monograph is the seventh book in the series and covers in a reconstructed form the extinct - Eastern Iranian languages-Khorezm and Starovanj, as well as modern-Sanglic, Yazdi (Zoroastrian Dari) and Yakaulang dialect of the Khazar dialect, which refers to non-written dialects and dialects southwestern Iranian languages.

The linguistic contest revealed the winners in the above-mentioned areas. The first place in listening was won by MSLU student M. Getakhun, who was also the best in the competition in stylistics and grammar. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, became the first in the competition for translation. The best work was written by E. Bobkova, a student of MSLU named after A. Yakovlev, a student of the Eastern Faculty of St. Petersburg.GU, won in two categories-text reading and oral speech. As for the literary competition, the prize named after him. Ferdowsi was awarded by M. Getakhun, the second place was taken by M. Gibadullin from Kazan Volga Federal University, and the third place was taken by A. Shishkin. Yakovlev. M. Gibadullin won the overall competition, while RUDN University students K. Krasnov and A. Astapchuk won the second and third places, respectively. This is how the seventh All-Russian Olympiad in the Persian Language and the sixth Olympiad in Persian Literature ended their work, leaving a feeling of deep satisfaction in the hearts of both its winners and all its participants.

M. S. KAMENEVA

PEOPLES ' FRIENDSHIP UNIVERSITY OF RUSSIA

On April 21, 2011, the interuniversity scientific and practical conference "Languages and Cultures: Effective Communication in the context of globalization" was held, organized by the Department of Foreign Languages of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences. It attracted the attention of not only Russian, but also foreign participants. Teachers and scientists of the Rudn University, the Institute of Linguistics and the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Belarusian State University, the University of Madrid, the Moscow State University of Economics, Statistics and Informatics, the St. Petersburg State University, the S. A. Yesenin Ryazan State University, the Bauman Moscow State Technical University and some other educational and scientific institutions took part in its work.

The conference was opened by the Vice-rector for Research of RUDN University N. S. Kirabaev, who in his welcoming speech noted the importance of holding such events, as well as the fact that they have become traditional. He stressed the need for studying languages in the modern world and the knowledge of both native and foreign languages by young specialists, and also drew attention to the problems of translation, since translated literature forms an idea of the culture of the people.

The conference featured more than 30 reports in three sections, which dealt with the problems of teaching foreign languages in higher education institutions, current issues of the humanities and problems of language theory. Among the most important and relevant ones

The topics raised by the speakers include the use of electronic pedagogy in teaching foreign languages at a Russian university in the first decade of the XXI century (S. S. Khromov, V. G. Apalkov, V. G. Romanova - all RUDN University), the use of information and computer technologies in teaching foreign languages (L. M. Spynu, RUDN University), the use of computer technologies in teaching foreign languages opportunities of the Internet in the process of teaching a foreign language (N. V. Ten, RUDN University), application of educational technologies in teaching students to referencing (E. M. Kakzanova, Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences). No less interesting were reports on the need to develop educational programs for linguistics and their use on the example of Chinese (S. A. Barov, RUDN University) and Arabic (V. D. Semenova, RUDN University), as well as teaching foreign languages, both Western and Eastern at the level of the specialty language (S. A. Barov, A. A. Basmanova, E. I. Galaeva - all RUDN University).

Within the framework of the last problem, the report prepared on the basis of modern Spanish methods developed for teaching Spanish as a foreign language, on the importance of teaching literature from the countries of the studied language to students of all humanities specialties of language universities, deserves the closest attention (G. A. Khimich-RUDN University, S. Palacio-Madrid). Also of great scientific interest are reports on the formation of a multilingual personality in the modern world (D. P. Bogacheva, RUDN University) and the role of cross-cultural competence in the practice of teaching a foreign language (T. V. Rizina, RUDN University). In the same vein, a report on the correct approach to transcribing Eastern, primarily Afghan, anthroponyms in the process of intercultural communication was presented by A. A. Veretennikov (RUDN University).

A block of reports was devoted to the problem of globalization and the impact of globalization processes on the cultures and languages of different countries. At a time when the Arab world is facing serious problems, the appeal of G. O. Lukyanova (RUDN University) to the problem of sustainability of inter-civilizational dialogue was very timely. The problem is considered on the example of relations between Arab countries and the West as the transformation of dialogue into dictates, dictates into unpredictability, which, due to the lack of maturity of Arab societies in the democratic aspect, can lead to their serious destabilization. The report of D. A. Askaroeoi (RUDN University) was devoted to the actual problem of Arab-Muslim immigration to Europe. Speaking about the development of measures by European countries to include carriers of other cultural traditions in the life of host communities, the speaker pays special attention to France, which proceeds from a different principle with regard to migrants, namely, the equality of all citizens, regardless of their religious and ethnic characteristics, and confirms this line of action by legislative acts. The problem of the national policy of the Government of the People's Republic of China in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region was considered in the report of S. A. Barov. Noting the historical and cultural diversity of this region with Han China, the speaker analyzes in historical retrospect the steps taken by the central government to combat separatist tendencies and notes the positive progress made in this direction.

The impact of globalization processes on the cultural and linguistic development of Iran in terms of the ratio of native and borrowed languages was analyzed in the report of M. S. Kameneva (IB RAS). The author has shown that the Persian language has occupied and continues to occupy a strong position in the life of modern Iranian society, and the ratio of national (native) and borrowed (European, primarily English) can be considered as a unity and struggle of opposites. V. V. Nesmeyanova's report (RUDN University) was devoted to the problem of language and dialect on the example of Spanish and Andalusian dialect. Analyzing the significant differences between the dialect and Spanish, the author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to teach it in parallel, especially in the light of the fact that it is spoken by more than 8 million people. Yu. P. Pospelova (RUDN University), noting that in our time there are no pure languages, and "pure" cultures and communities, it refers to the factors of the appearance of Anglicisms in the Spanish language as informatization, globalization, and internationalization of the modern world.

The reports read during the conference evoked a wide response from participants and listeners, which was expressed in an active discussion.

M. S. KAMENEVA

NUSANTARA SOCIETY

On March 24, 2011, K. M. Muradov (Ministry of Economy, Development of the Russian Federation) delivered the main report on "Russia and Economic Integration in the Asia-Pacific Region"at the regular session of the Malay-Indonesian Readings. The main thread of the report was the idea of whether Russia needs a clear foreign economic policy in the East. The speaker stressed that the relevance of the topic is increasing due to the fact that Russia is on the eve of its presidency in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum (APEC) in 2012, which requires clarity and clarity of positions on our part. However, given the complexity, complexity and versatility of the integration processes in the Asia-Pacific region, it is very difficult to develop a specific strategy for Russia. According to the speaker, the existing conceptual documents, primarily the country's development strategy until 2020, in terms of Eastern policy, cannot be considered satisfactory. While recognizing the need to step up our state's activities in the Asia-Pacific region and enhance the country's role in solving global problems, the specific mechanism for achieving these goals remains unclear. Thus, the policy documents created by the relevant bodies responsible for developing the strategy in economics and politics need to be modified. The report aroused the keen interest of those present, who, in particular, expressed concern about the loss of Russia's position in such a strategically important country, which ranks fourth in the world in terms of population, mainly Muslim, like Indonesia. The topic of Indonesia was discussed further at the meeting, although already in terms of cultural studies.

V. A. Sotsky (Higher School of Economics) spoke about the life and work of the contemporary Indonesian poet and singer-bard Ebit G. Ade. The idol of three generations of Indonesians gained popularity in the 1970s and 1980s with his performance of philosophical ballads with socially oriented themes. Songs-ballads written in the wake of many tragedies and natural disasters in Indonesia, appealed to mercy, glorified the strength of the spirit in opposition to the elements and the greatness of God. The singing of ballads was accompanied by guitar playing combined with orchestral classical music. Those present had the opportunity to hear several such ballads. The meeting ended with a demonstration of a documentary about Indonesian expats in Paris, which was provided by ISAA teacher Uzhara Awal.

T. V. DOROFEEVA

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