The search for translated equivalents at the level of the current syntax1 has recently attracted more and more attention of researchers. However, despite the development of a general theory of actual syntax, applied issues, including the importance of communicative aspects of translation of works of art, in my opinion, need to be studied in more depth. In this paper, we consider the problem of finding translated equivalents for some constructions of the Japanese language, namely for constructions decorated with the thematic particle wa, the ending by da, and various situations of using the representative particle nado. The main task is to understand whether the translator pays attention to the current syntax and what means of the Russian language he uses to convey the above-mentioned constructions in the translation text. One can hope for the existence of some universal means of transmitting them, although, of course, the means of solving the same communicative problem in Japanese and in Russian will most likely not coincide. For example, if you try to completely repeat the word order, which is one of the most important ways to actually divide a sentence, you can distort the communication task. Therefore, it is important to find tools that can be used to convey its function in Russian. The analysis is based on an excerpt from Junichiro Tanizaki's novel "Fine Snow". Junichiro Tanizaki (1886-1965 — - writer, playwright, classic of Japanese literature, one of the most important writers of Japan in the first half of the XX century.

Keywords: literary translation, actual syntax, Japanese, Russian, translation universals.

When analyzing the article, we use text segments that can be used to judge a certain actual division. A characteristic feature of Tanizaki's authorial style is the use of long sentences, but within the article it is not possible to analyze them completely, so in some cases you will have to limit yourself to sentence segments, leaving out the broader context. The structure of the presentation is as follows: first, a section of the original text is presented, and the features of the actual division of this segment are analyzed . To understand the features of the communicative task of some segments, a working version of the translation will be proposed (this is not a literal or final version of the translation that I have proposed), which does not take into account the stylistic norms of the Russian language; then the analyzed translation (T. I. Redko-Dobrovolskaya) is presented and justified then, as far as-

Actual syntax-1 a linguistic term that allows you to understand how the information in the message is updated and how it fits into the context. The opposite concept is potential syntax, or formal division, at the level of which grammatical categories are expressed.

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however, the translation reflects the features of the actual division of the original. If, in my opinion, the analyzed translation does not fully reveal the communicative task of the original text, I offer my own version. The working version of the translation is shown in italics.

Let's start by analyzing the use of the theme particle wa. " Ni ji ni hajimaru enso:kai ga sumi sae shitara yukiko dake ichi to sokusen ni, yu:han made ni wa kaelte kite ageru to iu koto de do:yara nattoku wa shite iru no de atta". I will immediately note that the longer a sentence is, the more different constructions it contains, the more difficult it is to accurately convey its actual syntactic structure, preserve semantic accents, and intonation. In the segment " yu:han made ni wa kaette kite ageru " the role of the wa particle-thematization of circumstances. Highlighting a circumstance is a common use case for this particle. Working translation: "he'll be back before dinner." The translator uses an interesting solution to this problem: "She calmed down only when she was promised that immediately after the concert, which began at two o'clock, Yukiko would return home and have dinner with her." The thematic circumstance of the original text is replaced by a homogeneous predicate in the translation text, which turns it into a more separate member of the message than the usual circumstance, gives it a greater semantic load — that is, the same thing that is achieved in the original by means of actual division.

In the above text segment, there is another construction with the wa particle: "do:yara nattoku wa shite iru no de atta", which can be called an illustration of a fairly common use of the thematic particle: wa separates the semantic part of the verb kango2 from the verbalizer suru3. Working version: "as for satisfaction, it has come after all." The analyzed translation uses a non-distributed sentence (the main one in the compound one): "she calmed down...", which, in my opinion, does not convey the features of the actual division of the original. My proposed option is: "somehow we managed to agree...", where the first part "somehow we managed to agree" serves as a topic, and the second part "succeeded" is a rhematic part.

"Ichiban toshishita no taeko wa, futari no ane no dochira yori mo so: iu koto ni wa akarukatta". This text segment contains the addition made out by the wa particle. At the same time, the word order is close to neutral at the level of potential syntax: subject-object-predicate (SOV). In the Russian translation, however, a special word order can contribute to the selection of the complement: putting the complement in the preposition before the predicate. In the analyzed translation, this is not done: "Taeko was the youngest of the sisters, but she was better versed in such things than the older ones" - the supplement ends the sentence. However, this translation is also possible: "Taeko was the youngest of the sisters, but she understood such things better than the older ones." Changing the order of preposition terms leads to a change in semantic shades, bringing the actual division of the translation closer to the original.

Next, we meet an interesting case of thematization.: "Sonna sei kamoshirenai keredomo, koko no ie de wa shujin fu:fu o hajime, kotoshi sho: gakko: no ichinensei de aru etsuko made ga, maitoshi natsu kara aki ni kakete kakke ni kakarikakari sura", which in the analyzed translation is presented as follows: "It is not surprising, therefore, that everyone in the house-both adults , and even Etsuko, who has just started going to school-everyone we suffered from this disease for a year from summer to autumn." In the original, the koko group of words by ie de ("in this house") is framed by the theme particle wa and refers to the theme. In translation, the circumstance group corresponds to the subject group: "in this house" = "everything in the house", which allowed us to convey the actual division of the original as accurately and naturally as possible. Indeed, in the Japanese text, the semantic component of the thematic term can be represented in the working version as follows: "as for the topic of the article, the text should be written as follows:

Kango-2 words related to the vocabulary layer borrowed from the Chinese language.

Suru 3 is a Japanese word meaning "to do". In the original text, it is used in the form of shite iru.

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this house" or "as for this family", which I think is reflected in the "everything in the house" option.

It should be noted that the frequent use of the subject particle wa, especially when it highlights the non-subject, is characteristic of oral rather than written speech. The wa particle not only divides the sentence into separate, specially formed intonation segments, which are certainly easier to perceive than the entire sentence, but also clearly indicates the thematic part, i.e., the part of information that is already known to the listener. This means that the dialog partner can focus on the speech part. In the novel, the narrative is conducted in the third person, the style of narration is often used indirect speech. Therefore, the wa particle fully meets its purpose.

"Jibun no mita tokoro de wa, senpo: mo sofu no yo made wa aru hokuriku no sho:han no karo: shoku o shite ita to ka de...". In the translation under consideration, it is possible to convey the actual division of the original due to a complex sentence, in which the main sentence becomes the theme: "Itani had information that the groom's ancestors, up to his grandfather, were vassals of one of the minor princes in Hokuriku...". It can be themed, for example, in "Genzaide wa gekkyu: mo sukunai keredomo, mada yon ju: ichi da kara shorkyu: no nozomi mo nai koto wa nai". The use of the case indicator de and the particle wa after the circumstance genzai ("at the present time") contributes to its greater isolation, strengthening the contrast between the current situation and the possible future. Deliberately emphasized contrast "at the present time, yes, the salary is low, but he is only 41 years old... "it must be transmitted by means of the current division of the Russian language. In the translator's version, "Currently the groom's income is small, that's true, but he is still only 41 years old, and he has the right to expect an increase in salary", the equivalent of the circumstance "currently" is not isolated in any way, it is not specifically highlighted, but then the introductory combination "this is true"follows.

Thus, it is with the help of additional lexical tools that the translator manages to convey the features of the actual division of the original text. Often, when trying to convey the role of the thematic particle wa, when translating into Russian, such introductory constructions as "as for..." or "if we talk about..." are used, which highlight the topic, but due to stylistic coloring are used in literary texts less often than wa particles in Japanese. However, sometimes this translation is acceptable. For the text segment " Jinbutsu ni tsuite wa, jibun no ni ban me mo oto:to ga chu:gaku jidai no do: so: de, wakai toki kara yoku shitte iru node, taikoban about osu to itte iru "in the analyzed translation, the following version is proposed:" As for the human qualities of the groom, the younger brother Itani knows him from school and, as they say, is ready to vouch for him with his head". This translation option cannot be explained only by an attempt to convey the lexical features of the original - the presence of the verb postposition ni tsuite "o" before the thematic particle in the text. In this case, "as for" is used just to convey the actual division of the original.

An interesting case is the use of a particle in direct speech. Sachiko talks to Taeko: "Anta tachi no koto, atashi ni wa wakatteru keredo". Working version: "as for me, I understand you." The translation under consideration again uses additional lexical means to convey the communicative task of saying: "I understand you both well." In the original, the word "good" is missing.

Above, we have already considered the case of breaking the verb formation kango+verbalizer suru with the wa particle, and I will give other examples. "Nao jibun kara mo sonna koto ga aru yo: na ojo:sama ka do: ka maa oai ni natte goran nasai to itte, nattoku ga iku yo: ni setsumei wa shiteoita" is translated as: "However, Itani, for her part, tried to dispel any doubts about this by saying that it is enough for him to meet the lady

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Yukiko, to see if she's capable of doing what the newspaper said or not." The segment "setsumei wa shite oita" that we are interested in ends the Japanese sentence, but in translation it is moved closer to the beginning. This can be explained by the requirements of the grammar of the Japanese language: the predicate of the main sentence is always at the absolute end of the sentence, so the content of what is said precedes the predicate with the meaning of speech, speaking - "suki da to itta", while in Russian there is usually a different order: first the predicate itself, and then the content ("I said that I love").). A communication task in the working version can be depicted as follows:"Don't worry, as for explanations on this subject, be at ease, I explained everything."

The wa particle between kango and the sum verbalizer contributes to the fact that" setsumei "is related to the topic, and" shite oita " to ryouma. The division into topic and rheme implies that the sentence contains information that is already known to the listener (topic) and new to him (rheme), so we can interpret this as follows: the topic can indicate not only information that has already been voiced by the speaker, but also information that the listener takes for granted. In this case, Sachiko can expect Itani to give Yukiko's potential fiance additional explanations about the newspaper article, so Itani builds his line: "You expect an explanation from me — done ." To convey the features of the actual-syntactic division, you can, for example, separate the translation equivalents setsumei and shite oita from each other in translation. I suggest in this case the option: "for my part, I have provided information on this matter, of course." The introductory word "of course" helps to separate the topic and rhyme more clearly, and also conveys that the speaker is aware of the other person's expectations.

"Torikeshi nado to iu mono wa itsumo hitome ni tsukanai sumi no ho: ni chiisaku noru dake de, nan no ko:ka mo ari wa shinai "in the analyzed translation," The refutation is completely useless, it is printed in small print in the lower corner of the page, where no one is looking." In this situation, I consider it possible, even necessary, to transfer the predicate corresponding to the segment " ko " in the Russian translation.:ka mo ari wa shinai " at the end of the sentence. But in general, the above translation - "completely useless" retains the semantic load of the original. The communicative task is to emphasize the absence of any effect: there will be no result.This is why the predicate group is divided into a topic and a rhyme. In translation, the adverb "absolutely" serves as an underscore and highlight. In order to more fully convey the actual division of the original, you can move the entire construction to the end of the sentence and swap the predicate with the degree circumstance related to it. I will give my own version: "That there is some kind of refutation-they will print it small in a corner, so that no one will notice - it is completely meaningless." We will return to this segment later when analyzing the use of the representative nado particle.

In the segment "sore kuraina koto de kizutsuki wa shinai "("this kind of hype is not capable of causing her any harm"), closer to the actual division of the original, I believe, there would be a variant with a different word order: "this kind of hype is not capable of causing her any harm", where ryouma becomes only the final predicate is "unable", which gives it more emphasis.

Next, we will analyze the actual division of sentences with so-called "false terms" (in the terminology of I. F. Vardul [Vardul, 1964]). In the sentence "Makioka no ie ga zensei de atta no wa seizei taisei no makki made no koto", zensei de atta is a false subject with the content of a predicate, and taisei according to makki made is a false predicate with the content of a circumstantial complement. In the analyzed translation "The heyday of the house of Makioka lasted at most until the mid-twenties", the false subject expressed in the original sentence with a substantive predicate corresponds to the subject group (with a definition) and is placed at the beginning of the sentence

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("the rise of the House of Makioka"). We expect to see the same decision for the text segment "Shinbun ni notta no wa sono torikeshi dewanaku, seigo no kiji", namely "The newspaper published not a refutation, but a corrected article". Due to the word order in the Russian text, the false subject with the content of the predicate is preserved - the features of the actual division are transmitted. However, in the translation under consideration, "The newspaper published not a refutation, but a corrected version of the article" the communication structure has been changed. The structure of the segment under consideration in the original Japanese text assumes a shift of stress on the message member corresponding to the false predicate, with the content of the subject, which is not present in the analyzed translation.

Let us proceed to consider the representative nado particle. The dictionary "Nihongo bunkei jiten" presents four main meanings of nado. We are now interested in the meaning of representation itself. "Is used to give an example: from a large set, the main components are given. It is assumed that, in addition to these elements, there are other elements in the set" (Nihongo bunkei ziten, 1998, p. 387). In other words, the representative particle nado is used when enumerating concepts expressed by homogeneous members of the sentence to indicate the incompleteness of the enumeration. Translated equivalents in Russian for it can be "and so on", "and so on", "etc." or an enumeration in which homogeneous terms are formed by commas-without using the compositional union and. You can also pass it with the words "for example", "like", or"like". When used in this way, nado is a lexical element and is not particularly interesting for the subject of this work.

However, it is necessary to consider several sentences with this particle in this particular use before returning to the actual syntactic problems that interest us. "Sore wa ichimen, eiga, engeki, bijutsu, bungaku nado ni wataru kanojo no higoro no tashinami о kataru mono de mo atta". In this text segment, the nado particle forms an incomplete set. In the analyzed translation," her passion for cinema, theater, fine arts and literature was felt", the enumeration is limited to four elements due to the use of the union and, which, in our opinion, could have been dispensed with.

Another example: "Sanko:sho, zasshi, mishindai, kireji sono hoka no shozairyo:, mikansei no sakuhin nadonado de ippai ni natte i...". And here in the Japanese original, an unfinished set is indicated. This is a description of Taeko's doll-making studio. In the studio, Sachiko sees a wide variety of subjects related to her sister's profession. The author does not give a detailed description of the room, he only needs to convey the general atmosphere, so a detailed list of all the objects in the studio would look strange. In this translation of this segment, as in the original, an unlimited number is presented: "(Sachiko saw) all sorts of special manuals and magazines, a sewing machine, pieces of cloth and other things necessary for work, in some places there were unfinished dolls...".

Despite the fact that the main role of the nado particle is representation, in some contexts the particle under consideration, in addition to the main one, lexical, acquires a special function: it is used to express a certain communicative task, namely, to mitigate the categorical nature of the utterance. In the Japanese grammar textbook, the following interpretation is indicated:" It is used to give an example, in the case when we want to make the expression easier, softer " [Kanzen masuta-..., 1997, p.40]. When translated into Russian, this can't always be conveyed lexically, so you need to look for other means to convey the actual division of the original.

Japanese people generally tend to avoid categorical statements, and this is expressed in the language. Modal words used at the end of sentences, such as uo:, so:, or rashii, remove the speaker's responsibility for the truth.-

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rendering services and helping to increase the degree of politeness. I believe that such manifestations in the language of characteristic features of culture, norms of behavior, should, if possible, be transmitted when translating works of fiction.

Let's try to divide the examples of such use of nado into two groups: the first is the design of a certain set (at least two homogeneous members), the second is the absence of a set at all, an indication of an object, event, or utterance. An additional communication task associated with softening the utterance seems to be able to characterize sentences in both groups. The most typical examples of constructions of the first group are those where two homogeneous terms connected by the union ua are represented and the latter is followed by the nado particle. Sometimes the content of the set is limited to these two terms, i.e. when translating into Russian, using an equivalent like "etc." would be incorrect. This is the construction "Gikei wa sono otoko no jinbutsu ya shisan jo: tai nado o yoku shitte iru to iu wake de atta".

I will try to reveal in detail the information contained in the sentence, i.e. the communicative task. The point is that Tatsuo knew a certain person well, in other words, he had all the necessary information to make decisions about the possibility of marrying Yukiko, and the main information in this situation is the nature and financial situation of the groom. In fact, Tatsuo may have had information about other aspects of the groom's life, but this is irrelevant to the story. In the analyzed translation, this is conveyed as follows:"He had a complete understanding of both the groom himself and his financial situation." The union u preceding both homogeneous additions, on the one hand, emphasizes the significance of the information expressed in them, on the other, does not strictly limit the scope of Tatsuo's knowledge about a certain person, as the construction "he had a complete understanding of the groom himself and his financial situation"would do.

"Ganrai ga yo:kina seishitsu no taeko wa, yukiko to wa hantai ni keiku ya jo:dan nado о tobasu to itta fu: de atta". It's the same situation here: it is not assumed that Taeko could only utter witticisms and jokes, but we are interested in these two aspects. However, in this case, the analyzed translation does not express this: "In contrast to Yukiko, Taeko, who was naturally cheerful and lively, liked to laugh and joke." In my opinion, in the absence of the union, the translation would also be closer to the original (I suggest an option that is as close as possible to the analyzed translation in lexical terms): "Lively and cheerful by nature, Taeko, in contrast to Yukiko, often joked and laughed."

Finally, we will analyze the cases when nado does not formalize homogeneous members of the sentence, which is an enumeration, but the only represented member of the sentence. "Kiryo:gonomi nado to iu koto wa, ete so: iu katajin ni yoku aru mono da". In this example, kiryo. gonomi ("preference for beautiful") is distributed not only by the nado particle, but also by the to iu koto construction, although their presence is not related to grammar requirements. This is an interesting case of softening the categorical nature of a statement. The difficulty of communicating a communicative task in Russian translation also lies in the fact that it is difficult to find an adequate lexical equivalent for kiryo.gonomi.

The translator changes the actual syntactic structure of the sentence (swaps the subject and rhyme): "Of course, every solid man wants to marry a beautiful woman." In the Japanese text " kiryo:gonomi nado to iu koto wa " corresponds to the thematic part (framed by the thematic particle wa), while in the translation under consideration "wants to marry a beautiful woman" - ryoma, and thus the role of nado, as it seems to me, is not transferred. Without disputing the right to choose a translator, I will try to offer my own version of the current division: "As for such a trait as love for beautiful women (theme), this is often the case with solid people (rema)." Mitigating the categorical nature of the statement I also

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I tried to convey in the thematic part by spreading the topic: some of the excess and congestion of the phrase corresponds to the original. Although we are talking about the only addiction of a person, the construction" such as " allows us to present it as one of the characteristics of the character, as a result of which the statement does not sound so categorical.

Consider a similar case - we have already discussed this section of text in the section devoted to the thematic particle: "Torikeshi nado to iu mono wa itsumo hitome ni tsukanai sumi no ho: ni chiisaku noru dake de, nan no ko:ka mo ari wa shinai". Again, in addition to nado, the to iu mono construction is used, and again in the Russian translation under consideration, the nado function is not expressed: "The refutation is completely useless, it is printed in small print in the lower corner of the page, where no one is looking." My version: "That there is some kind of refutation-they will print it small in a corner, so that no one will notice-it is completely meaningless." An additional lexical element - the indefinite pronoun "some" allows you to reduce the categorical nature of the statement, expand the semantics of the word "refutation".

Another vivid example of a similar function of the nado particle is:"Kao ga chiteki denai nado to kudaranu nankuse o tsukete ... en o kirau to iu no wa, tada yukiko no wagamama de...". According to the novel's content, the groom's silly face (and logical conclusion about the lack of intelligence) was the only reason for Yukiko's refusal. However, in this section of the text, it is hardly possible to talk about the communicative task of softening the utterance: the words or thoughts of Tatsuo, who is angry with Yukiko's behavior, are given. In this case, rather, there is a deliberate reduction in the significance of the information contained in the part of the sentence that is framed by the nado4 particle, I will offer a working version: "just think-a stupid face — what a stupid excuse!". In the analyzed Russian translation, this is expressed as follows: "But to look for trifling flaws - his face, you see. not smart enough - and reject it for this reason... offer, - this is too much!". Using the introductory construction "you see", which expresses disdain for the statement "his face is not smart enough", and the phrase" trifling flaws " in the plural (as if problems with the face are just one example), it is possible to fully convey the communicative features of the original text.

Let's analyze constructions with a default ending. The text of the novel presents various versions of the ending itself: according to da, according to de aru, according to de atta, according to de ago:, as well as various constructions designed according to da. Let's start with sentences that contain causal relationships.

"Sore wa pari ni mo itte ita no da shi, yon ju: о koshite mo iru koto da kara, marukiru onna о shiranai hazu wa nai daro:". One of the reasons for the doubt that the potential groom did not have any relations with women - he was in Paris-is reported in the section of the proposal issued by da. The default construction emphasizes the utterance and increases its significance in communication. Such an actual division is intended to convince the interlocutor of the importance of the given reason, to make it impossible to doubt or object. In the analyzed translation "He lived in Paris, and he is already quite old, so it is impossible to say with certainty that he did not have any heart attachments in the past", the analyzed segment is not specifically highlighted. In Russian, you can use additional lexical means of expression (here are a few possible options): "he lived in Paris after all "(the variant: "he lived in Paris" is unsuccessful due to the unnecessary alliteration effect "w-w-w"), "he lived in Paris itself". In a written text, additional lexical means of expression are often necessary to convey the actual division.,

4 For the meaning of neglect for sentences with negative predication, see also [Nihongo bunkei ziten, 1998, pp. 387-388].

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while in oral speech, the desired effect can be achieved with the help of a significant intonation. Since in the text of the novel this phrase refers to oral speech, to convey the intonation pattern, a graphic selection option is possible:"he lived in Paris!". And yet, it seems that the best option is: "after all, he lived in Paris", where "after all" - a union with the meaning of the reason-also helps to highlight this part of the sentence.

No da in the original has the meaning of explanation close to the reason (cases where the reason is explained after stating the fact): "(Chitekina tokoro ga mattaku nai kaotsuki o shite ita..., byo:ki о shita toka de ue no gakko: e wa hairanakatta...) Osoraku gakumon no ho: no atama wa yokunai no de aro:". The construction with no da performs the communicative task of explaining the fact of a stupid facial expression. No da, as in the previous example, highlights the significance of this explanation. At first, they try to explain the fact with a disease, but Yukiko guesses the real reason: no da introduces an element of contrasting two different explanations. In the analyzed translation, additional lexical means are used to convey a special communicative task: "(gives the impression of a person who is not particularly intelligent..., fell ill and therefore did not study further...) Yukiko suspected that the real reason was his inability to learn": Poe's role was rendered in translation with the significant word "true". Thus, the translation managed to convey the juxtaposition of two different reasons and the emphasis and emphasis of the latter.

It should be noted that constructions with po da occur quite often in the text of the novel, especially with detailed explanations. After describing the circumstances under which Itani told Sachiko about the groom, it follows: "hoteru no robi: de hajimete kono hanashi o shita no de aru". In the translation under consideration, "it was then that Sachiko first heard about this groom", the communicative task is conveyed using the emphasizing "and": additional emphasis of the utterance, as well as the demonstrative pronoun "then", are important for transmitting the actual syntax. The construction "no de aru" frames, summarizes the description of the situation: these were the circumstances, the pronoun "then" also plays the role of generalization. Itani's lengthy account of the groom ends with "to iu yo: na hanashi na no de atta". As in the previous example, the da software draws a certain line under the narrative, indicates the outcome. In the translation under consideration, this communicative task is clearly conveyed: "This is approximately what Itani's story was." The translator uses the usual means: the accentuative " and "- to emphasize the meaning of the utterance and the pronoun "such" - to generalize. Other da-formatted sentences were also translated according to a similar scheme. The conversation between Itani and Sachiko ends with the phrase: "sono toki wa so: itte wakareta no de atta" - "that was the end of the conversation then."

And finally, the most interesting case of using constructions with po da is not to convey specific values such as causality, explanation, or generalization, but to emphasize the statement. In the segment of the text "Kesshite nekoze de wa nai no de agi", the accentuation of the utterance is enhanced by the lexical unit kesshite, which is conveyed in the analyzed translation: "Sachiko could not be called a stoop in any way." In this case, perhaps this is quite enough. Another example of using the construction with po da to highlight a statement: "Demo mochiron kiyoi ko: sai o shite iru no da shi, sore mo hon no tama ni shika awanai". In this segment, the introductory modal word "mochiron"becomes a means of additional reinforcement. In the analyzed translation: "But their relationship, of course, does not go beyond pure friendship, and besides, they see each other extremely rarely." On the one hand, the introductory word "of course" certainly helps to convey the communicative task of the original, but, on the other hand, it should be noted that in the original the statement is framed by a modal word and by da:"mochironkiyoi ko.sai o shite iruno da". Sachiko learns that Taeko is seeing Okuba again and demands an explanation - Taeko needs to convince her sister of the innocence of their relationship.

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The order of words contributes to the preservation of emotional tension and double accentuation of the original statement in translation: the introductory word "of course" is placed inside the sentence. The version with the preposition "of course, their relationship does not go beyond pure friendship" is less emotionally saturated.

In the following example, "Sorekiri shibaraku otosata ga nakatta node, jibun wa wasure kakete ita no de atta ga..." no da, emphasizing the significance and strengthening the contrast with the subsequent statement, also increases the emotionality of the statement, the degree of emotional impact on the interlocutor. Features of a communicative task can often be conveyed by using specially selected lexical equivalents. In this situation, it is hardly possible to talk about universal ways to translate a certain construction. For the text segment under consideration, the following solution is proposed in the translation under consideration: "For a month and a half this person did not give any news, and she no longer hoped that the matter would be resolved, but...". Instead of the direct equivalent wasureru - "forget", the more emotionally rich verb "hope" with the adverb "already" is used, i.e. instead of "she began to forget" - " she no longer hoped."

In translation practice, the choice of equivalents is often intuitive. The communicative task of utterance is perceived directly, and not by analyzing the forms. Here is an example where two constructions with po da are used in the same sentence: "Miai o sum made ni hanashi o shinko: saseta no de atta ga (1), yukiko wa sono hito ni atte mite, do: ni mo iku ki ni narenakatta no de atta (2)". This section of the text is preceded by a story about a potential groom, about how he was known to the family, and here is the climax-a viewing is scheduled, but Yukiko did not like the man. What follows is an explanation of what caused Yukiko's rejection, and how the whole situation was eventually resolved. But in the center of the story at the emotional peak is the above segment. So it is presented in the analyzed translation "...without unnecessary delay, a viewing was scheduled (1). Having met the groom, Yukiko, however, flatly refused to marry him (2)". The Russian translation uses an interesting technique: one sentence of the original translation is divided into two, and they are separated into different paragraphs: (1) the sentence ends one paragraph, and (2) begins another. Thanks to a significant change in the potential syntactic structure of the text, it is possible to convey the communicative task of the original. Although the sentences themselves in the translation text do not look emotionally rich, their special position in the text, relative to each other and relative to neighboring sentences, conveys the actual division of the original.

Although the translator does not always consider it necessary to accurately convey the communicative features of the original text, there are many interesting solutions to the problem of finding equivalents at the actual syntactic level. Using concrete examples from the text of the analyzed translation and the variants proposed here, the article attempts to demonstrate that a wide variety of tools can be used to convey the same method of actual division of the original construction in Russian. It was not possible to identify universal techniques or some standard tools. However, I believe that the material and conclusions presented here can be used for further research, as well as in translation practice.

list of literature

Vardul I. F. Ocherki potentsialnogo sintakeia [Essays on potential syntactics]. Moscow: Nauka Publ., 1964.

Junichiro Tanizaki. Fine snow. / Trans. Translated by T. I. Rsd'ko-Dobrovolskaya. Moscow: Tsrra-Book Club Publ., 2001.

Junichiro Tanizaki. Sasameyuki. Tokyo: Shinchosha, 2011.

Kanzen masula-. 2yu:. Nihongo no.ryoku shiken bunpo: mondai taisaku. Tokyo: ЗА Corporation, 1997.

Nihongo bunkei ziten. Tokyo: Kurosio Publishers, 1998.

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